Friday, December 27, 2019

Reading Comprehension Assessment and Lessons

The ability to read is one of the most powerful tools teachers and parents can give students. Literacy is strongly correlated with future economic  and professional success. Illiteracy, on the other hand, exacts a steep price.  The National Center for Education Statistics notes that 43 percent  of adults with the lowest reading levels live in poverty, and according to the National Institute for Literacy, 70  percent of people on welfare have extremely low literacy. Furthermore, 72  percent of children of parents with low literacy will themselves have low literacy, and are more likely  to perform poorly in school and drop out.   Early and elementary education offers  a key opportunity to break this cycle of economic hardship. And while the mechanics of reading and writing are essential building blocks, reading comprehension allows students to move beyond decoding and into understanding and enjoyment. Understanding Reading Comprehension The easiest way to explain reading comprehension is to put a reader in the position of someone who is deciphering letters and words rather than comprehending (attaching meaning to) them. Try reading this: Fà ¦der ureà °u à °e eart on heofenumsi à °in nama gehalgodto-becume à °in ricegeweorà ¾e à °in willa on eorà °an swa swa on heofenum.Urne ge dà ¦ghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deagand forgyf us ure gyltasswa swa we forgifaà ¾ urum gyltendumane ne gelà ¦de à °u us on costnungeac alys us of yfle. Using your knowledge base of phonetic sounds, you might be able to â€Å"read† the text, but you would not understand what you’d just read. You most certainly would not recognize it as The Lord’s Prayer. What about the following sentence? Fox grape grey shoe on land title base. You may know each word and its meaning, but that doesnt give the sentence meaning. Reading comprehension involves three distinct components: processing text (sounding out the syllables to decode the words), understanding what was read, and making connections between the text and what you already know. Vocabulary Knowledge vs. Text Comprehension Vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension are two vital elements of reading comprehension. Vocabulary knowledge refers to understanding individual words. If a reader doesn’t understand the words he is reading, he won’t understand the text as a whole. Because vocabulary knowledge is essential to reading comprehension, children should  be exposed to a rich vocabulary and should always be learning new words. Parents and teachers can help by defining potentially unfamiliar words that students will encounter in texts and teaching students to use contextual clues to understand the meaning of new words. Text comprehension builds on vocabulary knowledge by allowing the reader to combine the meanings of the individual words to understand the overall text. If you’ve ever read a complicated legal document, a challenging book, or the previous example of a nonsensical sentence, you can understand the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. Understanding the meaning of most of the words does not necessarily translate into understanding the text as a whole. Text comprehension relies on the reader making connections with what hes reading. Reading Comprehension Example Most standardized tests include sections that assess reading comprehension. These assessments focus on identifying the main idea of a passage, understanding vocabulary in context, making inferences, and identifying the author’s purpose. A student might read a passage such as the following about dolphins. Dolphins are aquatic mammals (not fish) well-known for their intellect, gregarious nature, and acrobatic abilities. Like other mammals, they are warm-blooded, give birth to live young, feed their babies milk, and breathe air through their lungs. Dolphins have a streamlined body, a pronounced beak, and a blowhole. They swim by moving their tail up and down to propel themselves forward.A female dolphin is called a cow, a male is a bull, and the babies are calves. Dolphins are carnivores that eat marine life such as fish and squid. They have great eyesight and use this along with echolocation to move about in the ocean and locate and identify objects around them.Dolphins communicate with clicks and whistles. They develop their own personal whistle, which is distinct from other dolphins. Mother dolphins whistle to their babies frequently after birth so that the calves learn to recognize their mothers whistle. After reading the passage, students are asked to answer questions based on what they read to demonstrate their understanding of the passage. Young students might be expected to understand from the text that dolphins are mammals that live in the ocean. They eat fish and communicate with clicks and whistles. Older students might be asked to apply information gleaned from the passage to facts they already know. They could be asked to infer the meaning of the term carnivore from the text, identify what dolphins and cattle have in common (being identified as a cow, bull, or calf) or how a dolphin’s whistle is similar to a human fingerprint (each is distinct to the individual). Methods of Assessing Reading Comprehension There are several ways to evaluate a student’s reading comprehension skills. One method is to use a formal assessment, like the example above,  with reading passages followed by questions about the passage. Another method is to use informal assessments. Ask students to tell you about what they read or retell the story or event in their own words. Put students in discussion groups and listen to what they have to say about the book,  watching for areas of confusion and  students who are not participating. Ask students for a written response to the text, such as journaling, identifying their favorite scene, or listing the top 3 to 5 facts they learned from the text. Signs That a Student Is Not Able to Comprehend What Hes Reading One indicator that a student is struggling with reading comprehension is difficulty reading aloud. If a student struggles to recognize or sound out words when he’s reading orally, he’s likely encountering the same struggles when reading silently. Weak vocabulary is another indicator of poor reading comprehension. This is because students who struggle with text comprehension may have difficulting learning and incorporating new vocabulary. Finally, poor spelling and weak writing skills may be a signal that a student isn’t able to comprehend what he’s reading. Difficulty spelling may indicate problems remembering letter sounds, which means that the student is likely also having trouble processing text. How to Teach Effective Reading Comprehension It might seem as though reading comprehension skills develop naturally, but that’s because students gradually begin to internalize the techniques. Effective reading comprehension skills must be taught, but it’s not difficult to do. There are simple strategies to improve reading comprehension that parents and teachers can employ. The most important step is to ask questions before, during, and after reading. Ask students what they think the story is going to be about based on the title or cover. As you’re reading, ask students to summarize what they’ve read so far or predict what they think will happen next. After reading, ask students to summarize the story, identify the main idea, or highlight the most important facts or events. Next, help children make connections between what they’ve read and their experiences. Ask them what they would have done if they had been in the main character’s situation or if they’ve had a similar experience. Consider reading challenging texts aloud. Ideally, students will have their own copy of the book so that they can follow along. Reading aloud models good reading techniques and allows students to hear new vocabulary in context without disrupting the flow of the story. How Students Can Improve Reading Comprehension Skills There are also steps that students can take to improve their reading comprehension skills. The first, most basic step is to improve overall reading skills. Help students select books about topics that interest them and encourage them to  read at least 20 minutes each day. It’s okay if they want to start with books below their reading level. Doing so can help students focus on what they’re reading, rather than on decoding more challenging text, and improve their confidence. Next, encourage students to stop every so often and summarize what they’ve read, either mentally or aloud with a reading buddy. They may want to make notes or use a graphic organizer to  record their thoughts. Remind students to get  an overview of what they’ll be reading by first reading chapter titles and subheadings. Conversely, students can also benefit from skimming over the material after they’ve read it. Students should also take steps to improve their vocabulary. One way to do so without disrupting the flow of reading is to jot down unfamiliar words and look them up after they’ve finished their reading time.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Australia s Film And Television Industry - 1635 Words

Australia’s film and television industry has experienced drastic changes since the rise of national cinema. Leading the world film industry, Australia was home to the first film studio and feature film at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906) toured England from 1908 as the longest film ever made, popularising a new genre of bushranger movies and epitomising the Ned Kelly legend as a significant aspect in Australian cultural identity (Juddery, 2008). The beginning of Australia’s film industry built itself on bushranger films, with the focus being local audiences rather than foreign, as stated by Judder. However, power struggles within the industry and banning of the bushranger genre saw to the quick demise of the film industry in 1912. Another aspect contributing to the demise is the emergence of competition with Britain and the US releasing two feature films each to Australia’s eight, later decreasing to th ree against the US’ 212 in 1914. Soon thereafter, the industry was dominated by foreign productions. This is evidenced in the 1994 documentary Celluloid Heroes, which states that â€Å"during one week in 1959, 1500 fine dramatic actors appeared on Melbourne television, and only 5 Australians†, resulting in the 1960 Postmaster-General Charles Davidson to implement local content requirements, beginning with TV stations required to broadcast 40 per cent Australian content every 28 days with four hours in peak time, which wasShow MoreRelatedFilm Industry Case Study1692 Words   |  7 Pagesco-production in screen industries between Australia and China based on the nation’s situation and the history of film industry. 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In particular, the purpose of this research project is to explore ‘How the rate of piracy in Australia can be reduced’ in addition to analysing the fundamental factors behind the increase in the frequency of piracy, furthermore investigating methods to reduce such criminal acts, including legal consequences. Definition of Digital Piracy

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Essay Technology and Staffing

Question: Discuss about the Essayfor Technology and Staffing. Answer: There have been three web based articles chosen for assessing the role of technology in the staffing function. These three papers show how the technology has affected our daily lives as well as the human resources functions. These articles show how the use of internet has grown for the staffing purpose. The use of technology has led to various benefits like the lessening of costs for recruitments, ability to attract huge number of potential candidates and most importantly, making the process of recruitment to be faster. As per these three articles, it is clear that the technology is not to be treated as a substitute for the personal contributions in staffing; there are a lot of regions where technology can make the business work more economically maintaining the expenses to be competitive. By the use of technology, human resource department can get more of free time to focus on building relations and making fresh opportunities. The probability is more that businesses have to invest in numerous special ways to achieve its goals. Though, the suitable technology is non-negotiable for a staffing organization to be successful. The managers need help with staffing then they need the processed data and technology helps in converting the data into useful information. Manually going over the resumes is still a widespread procedure; however it can be a huge wastage of time for a rising staff in the business (Truss et al. 2002). A few of them in a week can be managed, however as a business expands, it is difficult to manually sort the resumes. By use of technology for screening and ranking of the applications, the human resources department can use up extra time bringing round the most suitable applicants and making more efficient matches for the business partners. As the business grows, there is a continuous entry of fresh short-term workers.Joining, training, filing- work, screening and investigating can use a huge amount of time and assets.By standardization of these procedures and their translation into online forms and automatic communication, the business can ease up the extensive managerial workload. There has been stress laid on the involvement of the internet because the technology can be useful in assessment of demands and the gaps among the supply of staffs. The developments in market, expansion of businesses and the rising competition have made businesses to reconsider the ways in which the staffs can be used in the best possible manner. The information and communication technology provides with several possibilities to develop the ways of managing information within the firms and so it can help in making better utilization of employees' understanding. One of such technological alternatives is application of intranet as in-house information structure of a business, which is as per the Internet protocols (Turk and Jaklic, 1998). It allows the business to get comparatively low-priced and easy storage, arrangements, processing, recording and giving out of information among the business members. All of the mentioned tasks are vital for excellent information management. Also, the technological advancements keep the data secure for other outer elements. It is important that no other person or staff member comes to know about the confidential information of others, so the technology makes it possible that all the details are kept secured and transferred in a secure manner. The internet makes internal and external communicat ion also easier, quicker and secured. The automation of work has been possible with the technological advancements and thus lead to reduction in efforts of staffs (Marchand et al 2001). Making the vital choice of which applicant is most appropriate for whichever given job is a continuous test for recruiters. Therefore, it will be great to have precise insight into which candidate is probably to become the most excellent fit. By application of the superior logical skills of modern technology for the applicant selection procedure, recruiters would be capable of making priceless forecasts to inform their choice. For instance, the past data might disclose who out of a set of candidates is probably to stay in the post for the best ever period. By simulation of the real-world circumstances, technology could permit recruiters to further precisely evaluate applicants performance with respect to particular situations. This means that the technology needs to be judiciously utilized so that the necessary information can be attained by getting relevant information for the staffing process. References Truss, C., Gratton, L., Hope-Hailey, V., Stiles, P., Zaleska, J. (2002). Paying the piper: choice and constraint in changing HR functional roles. Human ResourceManagement Journal, 12(2), 39-63. Turk, T., Jaklic J. (1998). Internet, intranet in ekstranet. Dnevi Slovenske Informatike, Ljubljana: Slovensko drutvo Informatika, pp. 133-141. Marchand A. Donald, Kettinger J. William, Rollins D. John (2001). Information orientation:the new business performance metric. Oxford University Press Inc., Ne w York.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Starbucks Keeps It Brewing in China Essay Sample free essay sample

How I love the odor of a fresh cup of Starbucks java to acquire the twenty-four hours started. As a java lover. I frequently venture to Starbucks to run into my caffeine demands. Starbucks began as a individual shopfront located in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. As of July 2012. the company has 17. 651 shops in 60 different states around the universe. with the mission to â€Å"inspire and foster the human spirit – one cup. one individual and one vicinity at a time† ( Starbucks. 2012 ) . Enhancing the value of the company are the extra trade names owned by Starbuck’s. They include Seattle’s Best Coffee. Tazo Tea. Evolution Fresh. La Boulange and Torrefazione Italia Coffee ( Starbucks. 2013 ) . In 2009 the concatenation opened its first shop in China. and presently operates more than 570 mercantile establishments in 48 Chinese metropoliss ( Starbucks. 2012 ) . CEO Howard Schultz. programs to implement the planetary scheme with aspiration to foster the g rowing and enlargement through relationships with China’s one million millions of citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Keeps It Brewing in China Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In March 2010. Schultz continued to advance planetary enlargement and pitched to the executive board the thought of encompassing the planetary market place and leveraging their trade name strength through new and existing undertakings. The inquiry remains. will Starbucks be able to boom in a tea driven China? Demographics of a altering Asiatic society and originative Starbucks schemes suggest that this is possible. Starbucks is a well-oiled concern engine that is endeavoring to do China its 2nd place market ( Starbucks. 2012 ) . The alterations that have to be made will be in their mark demographic and non-westernized attack to deriving consumers. Starbucks executives and selling squad are good cognizant of the cultural difference. values. and economic agencies that govern consumer’s determination devising. Starbucks is confident that they will 4. 000 shops by the terminal of 2013. including 1. 000 in Mainland China. 1. 000 in Japan. 500 in Korea and its first shop in Vietnam ( Starbucks. 2013 ) . Determine and discourse the barriers confronting Starbucks as they try to learn people to alter their ingestion wonts from tea and instant java. Develop a selling scheme for taking Starbucks into smaller Chinese me tropoliss and communities. What barriers would be faced? Could they be successful? Many of the barriers that Starbucks are confronting can be attributed to fiscal and cultural kineticss. The United Nations reported China as the largest tea ingestion and production company. Entire tea ingestion in China increased by 8. 2 per centum in 2009. and 1. 4 per centum in 2010 to make 1. 06 million dozenss ( English. 2012 ) . With Starbucks being a major java retail merchant. this could be really disputing when incorporating concern in the Asiatic parts. Coffee is non every bit valued as it is in North America. South America. and other states. In the Asiatic civilization. tea is believed to hold medicative utilizations. and is a portion of the societal civilization. carried from coevals to coevals in its tradition. Trying to acquire people to waive a generational tradition when household tradition is really much upheld. and household is respected will be the challenge. Those that do devour java in China frequently opt for the more cheap types of blink of an eye javas. The possible 1. 3 billion-population base that Starbucks hopes to derive purchase with is mostly rural and inhabited by low-income households ( Best/Hawkins/Mothersbaugh. 2010 ) . The rural and low-income households can be found in the smaller Chinese metropoliss and communities. This excessively adds to the troubles that Starbucks faces when tapping into the Chinese market. Making the teas and java merchandises available at local markets would be a great manner to market the trade name. wholesaling at a discounted monetary value to the local husbandmans. leting them to do a net income that they usually wouldn’t be able to do at normal distribution monetary values. Starbucks’ trade name is associated with wealth and a western civilisation. Finding a manner to maximise the cost relationship with the quality of java would be optimum for Starbucks and the transitioning consumers to less tea ingestion and more java consumption. Make recommendations about what Starbucks can make to successfully promote greater java ingestion. Starbucks may non be able to successfully alter as many consumers over to imbibing java as they may wish. Starbucks may really be in the procedure of change overing their concern to run into the demands of tea in China. Starbucks is besides the proprietors of the Tazo trade name that markets a assortment of tea picks. Starbucks is be aftering to trade name a Tazo shop. miming that of the Starbucks ironss that can be found on every corner in New York City. The signature characteristic of the 1. 700-square-foot shop will be its â€Å"blending Stationss. † a show window for 80 assortments of loose teas. where employees will steer clients through making their ain personalized blends. The loose teas will be sold by the ounce at monetary values comparable to specialty food market shops. â€Å"In the Tazo cafe . clients ‘can decelerate down and larn about tea †¦ and can plunge themselves in a sensory-rich experience. ’ Shafer said. ‘We’re making a tea resort area for clients that are looking for that experience. ’† ( Thau. 2012 ) The cafe’s are said to specialise in handcrafted teas. bagged teas. and iced teas at a tea saloon. There will besides be a choice of pastries and dainties. all good appreciated in the Asiatic civilization ( Best/Hawkins/Mothersbaugh. 2010 ) . If Starbucks plans to do China the 2nd largest sector of its Starbucks trade name. it may non be the java that leads this. but instead the tea. Develop an advertisement run that non merely would promote greater java ingestion in general. but besides more demand for Starbucks. Specify cardinal subjects. transcript points. and visuals. A study found that in trade name pick. the Chinese civilization examines wellness factors. client dealingss. self-image. quality and monetary value ( Best/Hawkins/Mothersbaugh. 2010 ) . Starbucks and their trade names have all of those qualities except the monetary value factor. which can be compromised. A run that reflects those qualities would be a dynamic manner to bind a westernized concern with the Asiatic civilization. Starbucks is presently working with their spouses. the fond term for their employees. their parents and households in forums themed â€Å"Growing Together† . Since this subject is already in being. Starbucks could profit from spread outing on that subject. Logos that undertaking this. commercials that project this. sponsorships in the schools and communities that project this. every bit good as famous person indorsements with their households that undertaking this. The thought of household is such a major portion of the Chinese civilization. The digital market will be good in this run every bit good. With the planetary selling power of Facebook. Twitter. and Instagram. the ocular creativity that can be achieved can make the multitudes. Since java is non valued amongst other things. Starbucks needs to market closer to the bosom of the Asiatic civilization. John Culver. president. Starbucks China and Asia-Pacific. said his part – the company’s fastest turning retail shop market – will near 4. 000 shops by the terminal of 2013. including 1. 000 in Mainland China. 1. 000 in Japan. 500 in Korea and its first shop in Vietnam. Culver highlighted China as Starbucks most successful new market entry to day of the month. and announced that China is expected to go Starbucks largest market outside of the U. S. in 2014 and is on program to hold 1. 500 shops in 70 metropoliss in 2015. At the conference. Culver noted the positive consequen ces achieved so far this one-fourth. Discuss the demographic. cultural. and media factors that make India more attractive for Starbucks than it was 10 old ages ago.In October. 2012. Starbuck’s opened it’s first three shops in Mumbai. India and reaffirmed programs to open the company’s foremost shop in Delhi in early 2013. ( Starbucks. 2013 ) . CEO Schultz understood that a partnership was needed in the complex Indian market. In the old old ages. most Indians would get down their forenoons with a cup of chai tea. but the demand for java is turning. studies CNN. Starbucks’ partnership with Indian drink pudding stones Tata Global Beverages would be a partnership of common evidences. Those evidences being strong community dealingss and societal duty ( Boykoff. 2012 ) . With societal media taking the universe by storm. Starbucks is utilizing this as a selling advantage to foreground the ‘Starbucks experience’ . That experience stressing community and a welcoming public infinite. Starbucks’ ability to sell the experience. non merely the java. is what delivers the competitory border in the Indian market. Resources Best. Hawkins. and Mothersbaugh. Consumer Behavior: Building Selling Strategy. 2010. United States: McGraw-Hil Starbucks Newsroom: Starbucks Strengthens Commitment to Bing the Employer of Choice in China. ( n. d. ) . Starbucks Newsroom: Home. Retrieved January 15. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //news. starbucks. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=648 Boykoff. P. ( 2012. October ) . Starbucks opens first shop in India – Oct. 19. 2012. CNNMoney – Business. fiscal and personal finance intelligence. Retrieved January 16. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //money. cnn. com/2012/10/19/news/starbucks-india/index. hypertext markup language Starbucks ( 2012. November 26 ) . Starbucks Newsroom: Starbucks Strengthens China Commitment with Opening of 100th Shop in Beijing ; Elevating Coffee and Partner Experience. Starbucks Newsroom: Home. Retrieved January 15. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //news. starbucks. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=731 Thau. B. ( 2012. June 22 ) . Move Over. Coffee: With Tazo Store. Starbucks Aims to Reinvent Tea – DailyFinance. Salvaging. Spending. Investing. Planing. Everything you need for a life-time of fiscal determinations. — DailyFinance. Retrieved January 15. 2013. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dailyfinance. com/2012/06/22/move-over-coffee-with-tazo -store-starbucks-aims-to-reinvent-t/